Surah Al-Lail (chapter 92 of the Qur’an) was revealed in Makkah. Its subject matter closely resembles with the previous Surah, Ash-Shams.
The main themes of this Surah are:
a) Differences between the righteous and the wicked in terms of deeds
b) Recompense of men in the next life based on the deeds of this life
SUMMARIZED INTERPRETATION OF SURAH AL-LAIL:
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
[In the Name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.]
MANKIND’S DIVERSITY OF DEEDS:
1) وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَىٰ
[By the night as it envelops.]
2) وَالنَّهَارِ إِذَا تَجَلَّىٰ
[By the day as it appears in brightness.]
3) وَمَا خَلَقَ الذَّكَرَ وَالْأُنثَىٰ
[By Him Who created male and female.]
4) إِنَّ سَعْيَكُمْ لَشَتَّىٰ
[Certainly, your efforts and deeds are diverse (different in aims and purposes);]
In verses 1 to 3 of this Surah Allah has given some parables with contrasting characteristics to draw our attention that the efforts and deeds of the righteous and the wicked are different.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RIGHTEOUS:
5) فَأَمَّا مَنْ أَعْطَىٰ وَاتَّقَىٰ
[As for him who gives and keeps his duty to Allah and fears Him,]
This verse refers to him who spends from his wealth according to the commandments of Allah. Here spending includes:
a) Zakat (obligatory charity)
b) Spending for own needs and for parents, children and wives
c) Giving voluntary charity to the poor
d) In Allah’s Cause (to preach, propagate and establish Islam in society)
He also fears Allah in all his affairs by abstaining from all kinds of sins and evil deeds.
6) وَصَدَّقَ بِالْحُسْنَىٰ
[And believes in Al-Husnâ]
According to Qatadah, Al-Husnâ refers to compensation for the deeds mentioned in verse 5 of this Surah. According to Khusayf, Al-Husnâ refers to the rewards. [Tafsir Ibn Kathir]
HELP OF ALLAH FOR THE RIGHTEOUS:
7) فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْيُسْرَىٰ
[We will make smooth for him the path of ease (goodness).]
Whoever strives towards righteousness, Allah will make his efforts easy for him. Allah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“Whosoever fears Allah and keeps his duty to Him, He will make his matter easy for him.” [Al Qur’an 65:4]
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE WICKED:
8) وَأَمَّا مَن بَخِلَ وَاسْتَغْنَىٰ
[But he who is a greedy miser and thinks himself self-sufficient.]
Ibn ‘Abbas said, explaining this verse:
“This means he is stingy with his wealth (i.e. he does not spend according to the commandments of Allah) and considers himself to be in no need of his Lord, the Mighty and Majestic.” [Tafsir Ibn Kathir]
9) وَكَذَّبَ بِالْحُسْنَىٰ
[And denies Al-Husnâ(compensation or rewards)]
WRATH OF ALLAH FOR THE WICKED:
10) فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْعُسْرَىٰ
[We will make smooth for him the path for evil.]
Whoever rejects the guidance of Allah and strives towards evil, Allah leaves him to wander blindly on his wicked way. Allah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“And We (Allah) shall turn their hearts and their eyes away (from guidance), as they refused to believe therein for the first time, and We shall leave them in their trespass to wander blindly.” [Al Qur’an 6:110]
If someone rejects the true guidance, it will be a reason for his own loss. Allah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“Verily, We have sent down to you (O Muhammad) the Book (this Qur’an) for mankind in truth. So, whosoever accepts the guidance, it is only for his own self; and whosoever goes astray, he goes astray only to his (own) loss. And you (O Muhammad) are not a Wakîl (trustee or disposer of affairs, or guardian) over them.” [Al Qur’an 39:41]
11) وَمَا يُغْنِي عَنْهُ مَالُهُ إِذَا تَرَدَّىٰ
[And what will his wealth avail him when he goes down (in destruction)?]
GUIDANCE LIES IN THE HAND OF ALLAH:
12) إِنَّ عَلَيْنَا لَلْهُدَىٰ
[Truly, on Us is (to give) guidance.]
13) وَإِنَّ لَنَا لَلْآخِرَةَ وَالْأُولَىٰ
[And truly, to Us (belong) the last (Hereafter) and the first (this world).]
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PEOPLE OF HELLFIRE:
14) فَأَنذَرْتُكُمْ نَارًا تَلَظَّىٰ
[Therefore, I have warned you of a blazing Fire (Hell).]
Concerning the severity of Hellfire, Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:
“Verily, the lightest punishment received by the people of the Hellfire will be a man who will have two sandals whose straps will be made of fire that will cause his brain to boil just as a cauldron (i.e. a very large pot) boils. Yet he will not think that anyone is receiving a torment more severe than him, even though he will be receiving the lightest punishment of them.” [Narrated by Muslim]
15) لَا يَصْلَاهَا إِلَّا الْأَشْقَى
[None shall enter it except the most wretched.]
16) الَّذِي كَذَّبَ وَتَوَلَّىٰ
[Who denies and turns away.]
Once the Prophet said, “All of my followers will enter Paradise on the Day of Judgment except for whoever refuses.” He was asked, “Who would refuse, O Messenger of Allah?” He replied, “Whoever obeys me, he will enter Paradise, and whoever disobeys me, then he has refused.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhari]
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PEOPLE OF PARADISE:
17) وَسَيُجَنَّبُهَا الْأَتْقَى
[And Al-Muttaqûn (the pious) will be far removed from it (Hell).]
18) الَّذِي يُؤْتِي مَالَهُ يَتَزَكَّىٰ
[He who spends his wealth for increase in self-purification,]
19) وَمَا لِأَحَدٍ عِندَهُ مِن نِّعْمَةٍ تُجْزَىٰ
[And who has (in mind) no favour from anyone to be paid back,]
20) إِلَّا ابْتِغَاءَ وَجْهِ رَبِّهِ الْأَعْلَىٰ
[Except to seek the Countenance of his Lord, the Most High.]
Verses 18 to 20 of this Surah refer to him who spends his wealth according to the commandments of Allah and hopes to attain the blessings solely from Allah.
21) وَلَسَوْفَ يَرْضَىٰ
[He, surely, will be pleased (when he will enter Paradise).]
